Silicosis (Paul Nash) joined the l0pht in 1998 and contributed to vulnerability research, with a focus on network protocols. In 1999, along with Mudge, he consulted with Marcus Ranum's new startup—Network Flight Recorder. Paul wrote a series of hybrid protocol analysis & anomaly detectors for the common protocols of the time. They successfully identified both known and unknown attacks. He continued on as a founder of @stake and continued research on network protocols—including fiber channel and 3G cellular networking. Paul was the last member of the L0pht to remain at Symantec after the acquisition.